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Loire Valley (wine)
The Loire Valley wine region includes the French wine regions situated along the Loire River from the Muscadet region near the city of Nantes on the Atlantic coast to the region of Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé just southeast of the city of Orléans in north central France. In between are the regions of Anjou, Saumur, Bourgueil, Chinon, and Vouvray. The Loire Valley itself follows the river through the Loire province to the river's origins in the Cévennes but the majority of the wine production takes place in the regions noted above. The area includes 87 appellations under the ''Appellation d'origine contrôlée'' (AOC), ''Vin Délimité de Qualité Superieure'' (VDQS) and ''Vin de pays'' systems. While the majority of production is white wine from the Chenin blanc, Sauvignon blanc and Melon de Bourgogne grapes, there are red wines made (especially around the Chinon region) from Cabernet franc. In addition to still wines, rosé, sparkling and dessert wines are also produced. With ''Crémant'' production throughout the Loire, it is the second largest sparkling wine producer in France after Champagne.〔 T. Stevenson ''"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"'' pg 196-198 Dorling Kindersley 2005 ISBN 0-7566-1324-8 〕 Among these different wine styles, Loire wines tend to exhibit characteristic fruitiness with fresh, crisp flavors-especially in their youth. 〔 C. Fallis, editor ''The Encyclopedic Atlas of Wine'' pg 168-176 Global Book Publishing 2006 ISBN 1-74048-050-3 〕The Loire Valley has a long history of winemaking dating back to the 1st century. In the High Middle Ages, the wines of the Loire Valley were the most esteemed wines in England and France, even more prized than those from Bordeaux.〔 J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 408-410 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6 〕
==History==
Archaeological evidence suggest that the Romans planted the first vineyards in the Loire Valley during their settlement of Gaul in the 1st century AD. By the 5th century, the flourishing viticulture of the area was noted in a publication by the poet Sidonius Apollinaris. In his work the ''History of the Franks'', Bishop Gregory of Tours wrote of the frequent plundering by the Bretons of the area's wine stocks. By the 11th century the wines of Sancerre had a reputation across Europe for their high quality. In the High Middle Ages, the wines of the Loire Valley were the most esteemed wines in England and France, even more prized than those from Bordeaux.〔
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